My Basic Understanding of “Metropolitan Region”by MOHD AZLIHAFFENDI BIN ADENAN
Now days, many such development planning and achievement had been target by the whole country all over the world. The governance plan such many development strategies to make sure their country can contribute and being success in everything aspects include the economy, social, politic, education, and many others. This intention is the way to be as related with the Metropolitan Region. It is just a beginning to go through the evolution of perfect planning. Metropolitan Region can best describe as a location that related with the geographical which are developed together to archive the sustainable development and perfect planning. It is something that expands from a city in one location that has a great effect to the land use pattern, environment, economic development, transportation, globalization, population, culture, and the challenges towards future. Besides, Metropolitan Region is a large population center that was pointed by the community around the center. This space provides such many facilities and development that can fulfill the best living style to the crowded that had a living near the area. It also can be called as high standard living place. Many of the crowded are from the professional that need to have a life in the Metropolitan Region. They maybe come from the administrative sector, development sector, service, business or management. Japan and Korea can be the best examples of the Metropolitan Region living style context. Some of the Metropolitan also grew up from a small city. After many years, the main activities and the source had been explored, it become wider by the boundary and the population of the crowded also increases. In addition, here we can see the rapid urbanization that happened naturally without knowing the limitation. We also can feel the orientation of the technology sprawl to all the development elements. The city finally changes to the area that has its own intention. About the expand of the Metropolitan Region, it also can be wider after the level had reach the limitation. Then, a new area or a location near the Metropolitan region can be affected by the changes of the characteristics and the function of the place. For examples Lembah Klang-Langat. It was a continuation Metropolitan Region that was now developing extremely by supporting the Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur. This Metropolitan region provide many elements of facilities such as services, research and development center, banking, business link, effective transportation, education, health center, sustainable economy and many others. As conclusion, all these rapid transformation toward achievements must be controlled by a best future planning.
THE MEANING OF "METROPOLITAN REGION PLANNING"
by SHARIFAH ATHIRAH IZYAN BTE WAN KASSIM
Metropolitan is very well known as an area with a large population. The exact definition is metropolitan area usually combines the contiguous built-up area with peripheral zones not themselves necessarily urban in character, but closely bound to the center by employment or commerce. These zones are also sometimes known as a commuter belt, and may extend well beyond the urban periphery depending on the definition used. It is mainly the area that is not part of the city but is connected to the city. Based on what I have read and search, there are three theories that have been adapted in Metropolitan Region Planning. The theories were like a guideline for any advance development of an area. The first theory was new urbanism. New urbanism is an
urban design movement, that encourage
neighborhoods within a walk able distant. As an example, those who is living within the walk able neighborhoods, they will find it easy to commute from office to home. All the everyday needs is within the area and do not need to travel for a long journey to get the supply. All the pedestrian walkway is connected to each other so that people will walk more to go to their prefer destination without using any transportation. The second theory of Metropolitan Planning is smart growth. Smart growth is an urban
planning and
transportation theory that concentrates more about growth in the center of a city to avoid
urban sprawl and advocates compact,
bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools,
complete streets, and
mixed-use development with a range of housing choices. This theory considered the short and long term sustainability which the goal is to achieve sustainable and unique communities and places, giving more job opportunities to the residents, preserved the natural resources and promoting the public health. The third theory was transit oriented development (TOD). TOD is a
mixed-use residential or commercial area designed to maximize access to
public transport, and often incorporates features to encourage transit ridership. Every TOD area has a transit station such as monorail, tube, and train to move from one destination to another. It was surrounded by a highly development area like office, shopping complex and administration building. It was more like the development was the result of the spreading development happened in the centre of the TOD area. TOD was in a walk able distant and it do provide an excellent facilities such as the zebra crossing and overpass. As a conclusion, Metropolitan Region Planning does have a big scope of study. It is just not the matter of theories yet it is still consider the other aspects. By knowing more about Metropolitan Planning, it helps planners to create a better city in the future. Therefore planning is for people.
PEMAHAMAN ASAS MENGENAI "METROPOLITAN REGION PLANNING"
by Nor Wahida bte Mohd Talib
Wilayah dirujuk kepada satu kawasan petempatan bandar yang berskala besar. Wilayah tersebut haruslah menepati kriteria tertentu seperti populasi, kepadatan penduduk, dan jenis pekerjaan. Kawasan ini biasanya terdiri daripada kawasan bandar yang mempunyai kawasan tepubina yang berterusan sehingga melampaui sempadan pentakbiran. Secara amnya kawasan metropolitan pula boleh didefinisikan sebagai pusat tumpuan yang berkepadatan tinggi dan mengandungi metropolis yang kecil. Metropolis ini bergabung dan mempunyai kawasan pengaruh yang besar. Bandar yang paling besar akan berfungsi sebagai pusat dan biasanya nama kawasan metropolitan tersebut berdasarkan pusat ini. Pada masa ini kawasan metropolitan terbesar di dunia ialah Tokyo yang berkeluasan 8,014 km2 dan mempunyai populasi 32,450,000 penduduk. Dalam konteks Malaysia, wilayah metropolitan boleh didefinisikan sebagai kawasan tepubina berterusan termasuk di dalamnya terdapat kawasan bandaraya dan bandar-bandar lainnya. Dalam Negara kita terdapat tiga kawasan yang boleh diketegorikan sebagai wilayah metropolitan iaitu Lembah Klang, Johor Bahru dan Pulau Pinang. Kawasan ini mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi dan populasi yang pesat. Perkembangan pembangunan bandar ini pula telah menyebabkan berlakunya fenomena penyerakan bandar atau urban sprawl. Pemahaman mengenai wilayah metropolitan amat penting dari segi perancangan. Hal ini kerana wilayah mempunyai struktur pembangunan yang kompleks dan sukar difahami. Tanpa pemahaman yang mendalam perancangan kawasan ini mungkin tidak dapat mencapai objektif yang dikehendaki. Selain itu wilayah juga mempunyai pengaruh yang amat besar terhadap kawasan di sekitarnya. Keperluan perancangan di peringkat wilayah metropolitan boleh dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian iaitu perancangan makro dan perancangan mikro. Perancangan makro diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang lebih besar seperti masalah globalisasi dan perkembangan IT yang memberi impak kepada perkembangan ekonomi. Perancangan ini akan menjadi memandu arah kepada pembangunan kawasan tersebut. Perancangan mikro pula bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang bersifat setempat seperti masalah kekurangan infrastruktur, masalah perumahan dan banyak lagi. Tanpa perancangan yang teliti dalam pembangunan kawasan metropolitan pelbagai isu akan timbul. Antara isu yang sering dikaitkan dengan kawasan metropolitan ialah kelemahan sistem kawalan pembangunan bandaraya, ketidakcukupan infrastruktur fizikal bagi menyokong pembangunan dan banyak lagi. Oleh itu pemahaman mengenai metropolitan adalah sesuatu yang amat penting dalam perancangan wilayah metropolitan.
Personal Understanding of "Metropolitan Region"
by Li Cong (AB073027)
Metropolitan region refers to densely populated areas, often with more than 100,000 populations. The composition of a metropolitan region includes an important core city, suburbs and surrounding administrative region. There are many characteristics of metropolitan region.
1) Metropolitan region uses its own advantages concentrate populations from different cultures, occupations, language background, which has certain anonymity.
2) As a carrier of culture and communication body, metropolitan region is the economic, political, cultural, and service center.
3) It brings together a variety of associations, enterprises and organizations, people's activities tend to specialized. Their knowledge and skills are higher than residents in rural areas.
4) The social contract of metropolitan is based primarily on the laws and regulations.
5) The life form in metropolitan is diverse, people all have strong sense of time, their life rhythm is very quick, and the competition among each other is intense.
Metropolitan region has the social function of condensation, storing, transmission and further develops the humanity material civilization and the spiritual civilization. In the limited area of metropolitan area, massive non-uniformity residents’ living together, for the social cooperation and people’s contact, the exchange has provided the good foundation, expanded the scope which in the time and the space the humanity relates, promoted social, economical and also the cultural development. The function of metropolitan development is complex day by day; it is the inevitable result of the socio-economic development, also its own development request inevitably.
Apa itu "Wilayah Metropolitan"?by Mohd. Farid bin Mohd Yunos (Tuah)
Bila kita bercakap mengenai wilayah, ramai di antara kita akan berfikir mengenai tiga wilayah yang ada di Malaysia iaitu Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan dan Wilayah Putrajaya. Dalam konteks yang kita bincangkan sekarang adalah mengenai Wilayah Metropolitan atau ‘Metropolitan Region’. Ia merupakan suatu yang di banggakan oleh sesiapa yang tinggal ataupun berasal dari kawasan tersebut. Metropolitan selalu di kaitkan dengan bandar yang maju dan mempunyai kawasan yang besar dan juga mempunyai jumlah penduduk yang ramai atau berkepadatan tinggi .Metropolitan menjadi tumpuan utama bagi seseorang bagi mendapatkan sesuatu kerana semuanya berpusat di situ. Kebanyakan keperluan harian boleh di dapatkan daripada situ. Kebanyakkan aktiviti ekonomi wilayah metropolitan adalah berdasarkan K-Ekonomi. Apakah itu K-Ekonomi dan apa kaitannya dengan metropolitan ini? Adakah ia hanya satu polisi yang tidak memberi apa-apa impak kepada pembangunan sebuah bandar atau wilayah. Jika itu tanggapan yang ada, haruslah di kikis agar tidak menjadi barah. Kerana K –Ekonomi merupakan pemangkin @catalyst pembangunan pada zaman sekarang. Ia sebenarnya ekonomi yang berteraskan kepada pengeluaran, pengedaran dan gunapakai pengetahuan, yang merupakan jentera pertumbuhan dan penjanaan kekayaan. Tapi aspek pertama yang menjadi kunci utama kejayaan K- Ekonomi adalah penggunaan ilmu pengetahuan dan aplikasi ICT. Dengan adanya ICT dan ilmu itu memang senang untuk menjalankan perniagaan, semuanya berada di hujung jari. Pembandaran akan bertambah maju dan moden kerana dengan adanya ICT. Ini merupakan pemangkin kemjuan dan penarik orang untuk datang ke suatu wilayah metropolitan. Mereka saling berhubung dengan lebih mudah tak seperti dahulu, sekarang dengan adanya K-Ekonomi mereka dapat bersaing dengan dunia luar dan wilayah metropolitan itu akan semakin berkembang kerana dunia luar sudah mengetahui kewujudan tersebut. Fenomena sekarang bolehlah di katakan sebagai globalisasi. Ia merupakan satu konsep di mana banyak kawasan bersatu menjadi satu blok pembangunan yang tidak mempunyai sempadan. Wilayah metropolitan yang besar itu sudah semestinya mengalami proses globalisasi. Saingan sudah semestinya berlaku dan tidak dapat dielakkan di zaman ini. Globalisasi ini menjadikan wilayah metropolitan ini berdaya maju bagi menampung jumlah penduduk yang tinggal di kawasan tersebut.
Sifat marah tidak dapat dielakkan dalam banyak keadaan. Ia juga merupakan salah satu sifat semulajadi manusia. Ianya berpunca daripada tekanan perasaan yang dialami, akibat disakiti, dizalimi, dianiaya atau diperlecehkan. Sifat marah boleh merosakkan keharmonian dalam kehidupan, serta membawa kemudaratan kepada orang lain. Marah adalah ibarat percikan api yang bernyala dalam hati sanubari. Dan juga sifat marah itu dicetuskan oleh syaitan. Kemarahan yang sering kita alami berkaitan dengan hubungan antara dua perasaan, suami isteri, dalam keluarga, mendisiplin rumahtangga, tingkah laku anak, masalah kewangan, percanggahan pandangan dan pelbagai perkara berkaitan perkerjaan dan suasananya, tiada persefahaman, tuduh menuduh dan berprasangka buruk terhadap sesuatu.
