140 - COMPARING SMART GROWTH AND URBAN SPRAWL

Attributes	Smart Growth	Urban Sprawl
Density	Higher-density and Mix development	Lower-density development
Scale	Smaller buildings, blocks and roads. Careful detail, since pedestrians experience the landscape up close.	Larger buildings, blocks, wide roads. Less detail, since people experience the landscape at a distance, as motorists.
Transportation	Multi-modal transportation and land use patterns that support walking, cycling and public transit.	Automobile-oriented transportation and land use patterns; poorly suited for walking, cycling and transit.
Street design	Designed to accommodate a variety of activities. Traffic calming.	Designed to maximize motor vehicle traffic volume and speed.
Planning process	Planned and coordinated between jurisdictions and stakeholders.	Unplanned, with little coordination between jurisdictions and stakeholders.
Public space	Emphasis on the public realm (streetscapes, pedestrian environment, public parks, public facilities).	Emphasis on the private realm (yards, shopping malls, gated communities, private clubs).

Source: (Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts, 2006.)

Land Use Pattern	Smart Growth	Urban Sprawl
Density	Compact development.	Lower-density, dispersed activities.
Growth pattern	Infill (brownfield) development.	Urban periphery (greenfield) development.
Land use mix	Mixed land use.	Homogeneous (single-use, segregated) land uses.
Scale	Human scale. Smaller buildings, blocks and roads. More detail, since people experience the landscape up close, as pedestrians.	Large scale. Larger buildings, blocks, wide roads. Less detail, since people experience the landscape at a distance, as motorists.
Public services (shops, schools, parks)	Local, distributed, smaller. Accommodates walking access.	Regional, consolidated, larger. Requires automobile access.
Transport	Multi-modal transportation and land use patterns that support walking, cycling and public transit.	Automobile-oriented transportation and land use patterns, poorly suited for walking, cycling and transit.
Connectivity	Highly connected roads, sidewalks and paths, allowing relatively direct travel by motorized and nonmotorized modes.	Hierarchical road network with numerous loops and dead-end streets, and unconnected sidewalks and paths, with many barriers to nonmotorized travel.
Street design	Streets designed to accommodate a variety of activities. Traffic calming.	Streets designed to maximize motor vehicle traffic volume and speed.
Parking supply and management	Limited supply and efficient management,	Generous supply, minimal management.
Planning process	Planned and coordinated between jurisdictions and stakeholders.	Unplanned, with little coordination between jurisdictions and stakeholders.
Public space	Emphasis on the public realm (streetscapes, pedestrian environment, public parks, public facilities).	Emphasis on the private realm (yards, shopping malls, gated communities, private clubs).

Source: (Ewing 1996; Galster, et al 2001)

139 - Keperluan ‘Smart Growth’ secara ‘Transit-Oriented Development’ (TOD) di ‘Malaysian Suburban Environment’

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) merujuk kepada corak pembangunan yang berkepadatan tinggi dan mix development… mempunyai ciri-ciri ‘pedestrian-friendly’, kewujudan masyarakat yang mempunyai ‘sense of place’ yang kuat, kehidupan secara ‘livable communities’ dan mempunyai pembangunan pusat transit yang baik sebagai satu nukleas tumpuan aktiviti seharian penduduk tempatan di suburban. Kemudahan suburban transit sehingga kini, seolah tiada dirancang di Malaysia kerana kebanyakan penduduk masih amat bergantung sepenuhnya kepada kenderaan persendirian untuk pergerakan…di samping terdapat kelemahan ketara dalam pengangkatan awam..yang tidak efficient dan lemah dari segi perancangannya. Bagi perjalanan ke tempat kerja, adalah lebih berkesan penduduk suburban menggunakan pengangkutan awam ..terdiri dari  modes pengangkutan awam yang berbagai dan berteknologi tinggi. Mod pengangkutan berkonsepkan LRT dan MRT amat diperlukan. 

 Pembangunan  TOD boleh menggalakkan penduduk berkerja di tempat lebih hampir dengan kawasan kediaman mereka, satu cara mengurangkan kesesakan lalulintas dan mengelak berlakunya sprawl..rebakan bandar yang tidak terkawal. Sekiranya diberi pilihan, lebih ramai penduduk suburban akan memilih sistem pengangkutan awam sekiranya ianya cekap dan ‘reliable’. Pergerakan secara berjalan kaki, berbasikal dapat dipertingkatkan sekiranya kemudahan ‘suburban transit’ dirancang dengan baik. Ini boleh menggalakan ‘livable communities’..… memberikan suasana selesa, lebih selamat dan sesuai dengan keperluan kualiti hidup era dunia moden dengan merancang kepadatan pembangunan yang lebih tinggi di sekitar suburban. Pembangunan bercorak transit di kawasan suburban masih lemah..kurang di Malaysia. 

......Dan pembangunan berbentuk rebakan bandar..’urban sprawl’ dibandar-bandar besar di Malaysia perlu dikawal segera. Peranan Perancang Bandar perlu dipertingkatkan sehingga di peringkat perlaksanaan projek-projek pembangunan.